Uttarkashi/Dehradun: In the serene Himalayan village of Raithal, Uttarkashi district, stands Panchpura Bhawan—a stunning example of traditional Koti Banal architecture. This five-story wooden masterpiece, built around the 16th century (approximately 500 years ago), once belonged to local leader Rana Gambhir Singh (also known as Rana Ghambhiru or Rana Ghameru). Constructed primarily from durable deodar wood and stone, it has remarkably withstood multiple major earthquakes, including the devastating 1991 Uttarkashi quake, highlighting ancient Garhwali engineering brilliance.
Koti Banal architecture, named after similar structures in the region, features alternating layers of stone masonry and thick horizontal deodar timber bands that act as natural binders, providing exceptional seismic resistance. Research, including studies referenced by the Department of Earthquake Engineering at IIT Roorkee, praises this indigenous technique for its flexibility and energy dissipation during tremors—principles that have inspired modern earthquake-resistant designs in hilly areas.
The bhawan includes verandas and spacious rooms on lower floors, a kitchen on the third, and weapon storage on the top. A compact staircase winds efficiently through the levels, while the slate-roofed structure protects against harsh mountain weather. Opposite the main house lies a granary with an ingenious anti-theft system: its door connected by an iron chain to a bell in the bhawan, alerting residents to any intrusion.
Descendants of Rana Gambhir Singh lived here until recent decades, but the family has since relocated as the structure aged. Now a private heritage site popular among trekkers heading to Dayara Bugyal meadows, there are calls to convert it into a museum to preserve its legacy.
Tourism Secretary Dhiraj Garbyal stated. “We plan to collaborate with local communities and heritage experts to develop it as a key attraction, potentially including guided tours, interpretive centers, or even transformation into a museum showcasing regional culture and earthquake-resistant architecture. This will boost homestay tourism in Raithal and nearby trekking routes like Dayara Bugyal.”
Experts emphasize that Koti Banal-style buildings, evolved over centuries in seismic Zone V, offer valuable lessons for sustainable, eco-friendly construction today. Panchpura Bhawan reminds us of Uttarakhand’s rich indigenous knowledge—a timeless treasure worth protecting for future generations.